Kupu Whakataki

Ka tukuna ngā matū waro pūngāwerewere (VOC) hei hau mai i ētahi totoka, wai rānei. He maha ngā matū kei roto i ngā VOC, ko ētahi o ēnei ka pā kino ki te hauora mō te wā poto me te wā roa. He teitei ake te kukū o ngā VOC maha i roto i te whare (tae atu ki te tekau ngā wā teitei ake) i waho. Ka tukuna ngā VOC e te whānuitanga o ngā hua e mano tini ana te tokomaha.

He whānuitia te whakamahinga o ngā matū rauropi hei kai mō ngā hua o te whare. Kei roto i ngā peita, ngā wanihi me te ware pi ngā whakarewa rauropi katoa, pērā i te maha o ngā hua horoi, patu huakita, whakapaipai, tango hinu me ngā hua whakangahau. He matū rauropi ngā wahie. Ka taea e ēnei hua katoa te tuku i ngā matū rauropi i a koe e whakamahi ana, ā, ki tētahi taumata, i te wā e rongoatia ana.

I kitea i roto i te "Total Exposure Assessment Methodology (TEAM) Study" a te Tari Rangahau me te Whakawhanake a te EPA (Pukapuka I ki te IV, i oti i te tau 1985) ko ngā taumata o te tekau mā rua ngā parahanga rauropi noa he 2 ki te 5 ngā wā teitei ake i roto i ngā whare i waho, ahakoa kei ngā wāhi tuawhenua, kei ngā wāhi ahumahi rānei ngā whare. I whakaatuhia e ngā rangahau a te TEAM ahakoa kei te whakamahi te tangata i ngā hua kei roto ngā matū rauropi, ka taea e rātou te whakaatu i a rātou anō me ētahi atu ki ngā taumata parahanga tino teitei, ā, ka taea e ngā kukū teitei te noho tonu i te hau i muri i te otinga o te mahi.

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Ngā Pūtake o ngā VOC

Ngā hua o te whare, tae atu ki:

• ngā peita, ngā tango peita me ētahi atu whakarewa
• ngā mea tiaki rakau
• ngā rehu aerosol
• ngā kaihoroi me ngā patu huakita
• ngā ārai pepeke me ngā mea whakahou hau
• ngā wahie kua rongoatia me ngā hua motuka
• ngā taputapu whakangahau
• ngā kākahu kua horoia maroke
• patupatu

Ētahi atu hua, tae atu ki:

• ngā rauemi hanga me ngā taonga whare
• ngā taputapu tari pēnei i ngā mīhini tārua me ngā mīhini tā, ngā wai whakatika me te pepa tārua kore waro
• ngā whakairoiro me ngā rauemi mahi toi tae atu ki ngā kāpia me ngā piripiri, ngā tohu tuturu me ngā otinga whakaahua.

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Ngā Pānga Hauora

Ko ngā pānga hauora pea ko:

• Te riri o ngā kanohi, te ihu me te korokoro
• Ngā mamae o te upoko, te ngaronga o te taunga me te whakapairuaki
• Te kino ki te ate, te whatukuhu me te pūnaha io matua
• Ka pāngia ngā kararehe e ētahi mea rauropi, ko ētahi e whakapaetia ana, e mōhiotia ana rānei ka pāngia te tangata e te mate pukupuku.

Ko ngā tohu matua e pā ana ki te pānga ki ngā VOC ko:

• te riri o te kanohi
• te mamae o te ihu me te korokoro
• ānini
• te mate pāwera kiri
• te poto o te manawa
• te hekenga o ngā taumata cholinesterase toto
• whakapairuaki
• te mate urutā
• te epistaxis
• ngenge
• whanoke

He rerekē te kaha o ngā matū waro ki te whakaputa pānga hauora, mai i ērā he tino paitini ki ērā kāore e mōhiotia he pānga hauora.

Pērā i ngā poke kē atu, ko te whānuitanga me te āhua o te pānga ki te hauora ka whakawhirinaki ki ngā āhuatanga maha tae atu ki te nui o te pānga me te roa o te wā i pāngia ai. Ko ētahi o ngā tohumate wawe tonu kua pā ki ētahi tāngata i muri tata mai i te pānga ki ētahi mea rauropi ko:

• Te riri o ngā kanohi me te ara manawa
• ngā mamae o te upoko
• whanoke
• ngā mate tirohanga me te ngoikore o te mahara

I tēnei wā, kāore anō kia tino mōhiotia ngā pānga hauora e puta mai ana i ngā taumata o ngā matū waro e kitea ana i ngā kāinga.

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Ngā Taumata i roto i ngā Kāinga

Kua kitea e ngā rangahau he 2 ki te 5 ngā wā teitei ake o ngā taumata o ētahi matū rauropi i roto i te whare i waho. I roto i ētahi mahi, ā, mō ētahi hāora i muri tonu i ētahi mahi, pērā i te tango peita, ka 1,000 ngā wā teitei ake o ngā taumata o waho i te wā e whakamahia ana.

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Ngā Hipanga hei Whakaiti i te Whakamārama

• Whakanuia te hauhautanga ina whakamahia ana ngā hua e tuku ana i ngā VOC.
• Kia tutuki, kia hipa rānei i ngā whakatūpato o te tapanga.
• Kaua e rongoatia ngā ipu kua whakatuwheratia kei roto ngā peita kāore anō kia whakamahia me ngā mea rite ki roto i te kura.
• Ko te Formaldehyde, tētahi o ngā VOC rongonui, ko tētahi o ngā poke hau o roto e taea ana te ine ngāwari.
  • Tāutuhia te pūtake, ā, ki te taea, tangohia te pūtake.
  • Ki te kore e taea te tango, whakaitihia te tūponotanga mā te whakamahi i tētahi hiri ki ngā mata katoa e kitea ana o ngā panera me ētahi atu taonga whare.
• Whakamahia ngā tikanga whakahaere pepeke whakauru hei whakaiti i te hiahia mō ngā patu pepeke.
• Whakamahia ngā hua o te whare kia rite ki ngā tohutohu a te kaihanga.
• Kia nui te hau hou e puta mai ana i te wā e whakamahia ana ēnei hua.
• Makahia ngā ipu kāore anō kia whakamahia, ngā ipu iti nei te whakamahinga kia haumaru; hokoa kia rite ki ngā rahinga ka whakamahia wawetia e koe.
• Puritia kia kore e taea e ngā tamariki me ngā mōkai te toro atu.
• Kaua rawa e whakaranua ngā hua tiaki whare ki te kore e tohua i runga i te tapanga.

Āta whai i ngā tohutohu tapanga.

He maha ngā wā ka whai whakatūpato ngā hua mōrearea hei whakaiti i te pānga o te hau ki te kaiwhakamahi. Hei tauira, ki te mea kei te tapanga kia whakamahia te hua ki tētahi wāhi e pai ana te hau, haere ki waho, ki ngā wāhi rānei he pūwero hau hei whakamahi. Ki te kore, whakatuwheratia ngā matapihi kia nui rawa te hau o waho e puta mai ana.

Maka atu ngā ipu kua kī tonu i ngā matū tawhito, kāore rānei e hiahiatia ana me te haumaru.

Nā te mea ka taea e ngā hau te turuturu ahakoa mai i ngā ipu kua kati, mā tēnei mahi kotahi ka āwhina i te whakaiti i te kukū o ngā matū waro i roto i tō whare. (Kia tino rongoatia ngā rauemi e whakatau ana koe ki te pupuri i roto i tētahi wāhi hauhautanga pai, engari kia haumaru hoki te tawhiti atu i ngā tamariki.) Kaua e maka noa i ēnei hua kāore e hiahiatia ki roto i te ipu para. Kimihia mēnā kei te tautoko tō kāwanatanga ā-rohe, tētahi whakahaere rānei i roto i tō hapori i ngā rā motuhake mō te kohikohi i ngā para paitini o te whare. Mena kei te wātea aua rā, whakamahia hei whakakore haumaru i ngā ipu kāore e hiahiatia. Mena kāore he rā kohikohi pēnei e wātea ana, whakaarohia te whakarite i tētahi.

Hokona he iti noa ngā rahinga.

Mena ka whakamahia noa e koe ngā hua i ētahi wā, i ngā wā rānei o te tau, pērā i ngā peita, ngā mīhini tango peita me te hinu mō ngā whakamahana wāhi, te penehīni rānei mō ngā mīhini tapahi tarutaru, me hoko noa i te nui e whakamahia ana e koe i taua wā tonu.

Kia iti rawa te pānga ki ngā tukunga mai i ngā hua kei roto ko te methylene chloride.

Ko ngā hua kaihoko kei roto ko te methylene chloride ko ngā tango peita, ngā tango piripiri me ngā peita rehu aerosol. E mōhiotia ana ko te methylene chloride te take o te mate pukupuku i roto i ngā kararehe. Waihoki, ka hurihia te methylene chloride ki te waro haukini i roto i te tinana, ā, ka puta pea ngā tohu e pā ana ki te pānga ki te waro haukini. Pānuihia marietia ngā tapanga kei roto ngā mōhiohio mōrearea hauora me ngā whakatūpato mō te whakamahinga tika o ēnei hua. Whakamahia ngā hua kei roto te methylene chloride i waho ina taea; whakamahia i roto i te whare anake mēnā he pai te hau o te wāhi.

Kia iti rawa te pānga ki te benzene.

E mōhiotia ana he matū whakaputa mate pūngāwerewere te Benzene. Ko ngā pūtake matua o roto o tēnei matū ko:

• paowa tupeka taiao
• ngā wahie kua rongoatia
• ngā taputapu peita
• ngā tukunga waka i roto i ngā karāti e piri ana

Ko ngā mahi hei whakaiti i te pānga ki te benzene ko:

• te whakakore i te momi hikareti i roto i te whare
• te whakarato i te hauhautanga mōrahi i te wā e peita ana
• te maka atu i ngā taputapu peita me ngā wahie motuhake e kore e whakamahia tonutia

Kia iti rawa te pānga ki ngā tukunga perchloroethylene mai i ngā rauemi kua horoia maroke.

Ko te perchloroethylene te matū e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i te horoi maroke. I roto i ngā rangahau taiwhanga, kua whakaatuhia he mate pukupuku tēnei i roto i ngā kararehe. E whakaatu ana ngā rangahau tata nei he iti noa ngā taumata o tēnei matū e hongihia ana e te tangata i roto i ngā kāinga e rongoa ana i ngā taonga horoi maroke me te wā e mau ana rātou i ngā kākahu horoi maroke. Ka hopukina e ngā kaihoroi maroke te perchloroethylene i te wā o te tukanga horoi maroke kia taea ai e rātou te penapena moni mā te whakamahi anō, ā, ka tangohia e rātou te nui o te matū i te wā o te pēhi me te whakaoti. Heoi, ko ētahi kaihoroi maroke kāore e tango i te nui o te perchloroethylene i ngā wā katoa.

He mea whakaaro nui te mahi i ngā mahi hei whakaiti i tō pānga ki tēnei matū.

• Mena he kaha te haunga matū o ngā taonga kua horoia maroke ina kohia ake, kaua e tangohia kia maroke rā anō.
• Ki te whakahokia mai ngā taonga he haunga matū ki a koe i ngā haerenga e whai ake nei, ngana ki tētahi atu kaihoroi maroke.

 

Haere mai i https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/volatile-organic-compounds-impact-indoor-air-quality